| Judul | Optimasi Pembuatan Bioplastik Berbasis Limbah Pertanian |
|---|---|
| Tahun | 2015 |
| Pelaksana | Ihda Novia Indrajati, MT Ir. Herminiwati, MP Ir. Dwi Wahini Nurhajati, M.Eng Muhammad Sholeh, M.Eng |
| Pembantu Pelaksana | - |
| Kata Kunci | pati, esterifikasi pati, bioplastik, thermoplastic starch |
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mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--> <p align="justify" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:21.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; line-height:93%;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;punctuation-wrap: simple;text-autospace:none" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri">Penelitian ini bertujuan mengoptimasi pembuatan bioplastik dari bahan limbah pertanian kulit umbi singkong dan diaplikasikan pada barang non kemasan. Pada penelitian ini barang yang akan dibuat adalah filamen untuk mesin cetak 3D. </span></p> <p align="justify" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 5.55pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"> </span></p> <p align="justify" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:21.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; line-height:98%;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;punctuation-wrap: simple;text-autospace:none" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri">Penelitian dilakukan dalam beberapa tahapan kegiatan. Pra penelitian, sebagai kegiatan pendahuluan, difokuskan pada ekstraksi pati dari kulit umbi singkong. Untuk memperoleh prosedur ekstraksi pati yang memberikan yield optimum, terlebih dahulu dilakukan ekstraksi pati dari umbi singkong. Pada percobaan tersebut divariasikan waktu pulping, waktu steeping, jumlah air, konsentrasi dan jumlah natrium metabisulfit (NMB). Kondisi yang memberikan yield optimum kemudian diterapkan pada ekstraksi pati dari kulit umbi singkong. Pada tahapan tersebut kembali dilakukan variasi konsentrasi NMB. Modifikasi pati menggunakan asam sitrat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan hidrofobitas pati. Modifikasi dilaksanakan pada waktu reaksi yang berbeda, yaitu 16, 18 dan 20 jam. Karakterisasi dilakukan terhadap gugus fungsi, morfologi dan kristalinitas, baik pada sampel pati hasil ekstraksi (NS) maupun pati modifikasi. Pembuatan TPS dilaksanakan dengan metode solvent casting. Pati yang digunakan merupakan campuran antara pati murni (NS) dan pati modifikasi (PCA), yaitu dengan rasio 1:0, 1:0,3 dan 1:1, serta variasi konsentrasi bentonite clay 0, 0,5, 1, 5, 10 dan 15%. Bentonite ditambahkan dalam bentuk dispersi 50%. Pemlastis digunakan air dan gliserol dengan konsentrasi masing-masing 10 g/g pati dan 3 g/g pati. Acid scavenger digunakan asam asetat glasial 5% v/v ditambahkan sebanyak 10%. Asam stearat ditambahkan sebanyak 1% sebagai pelumas internal. Karakterisasi dilakukan terhadap sampel TPS meliputi gugus fungsi, kristalinitas, sifat termal (DSC dan TG/DTA), melt flow index (MFI) dan sifat mekanik yang mencakup tegangan putus, perpanjangan putus dan kekerasan. </span></p> <p align="justify" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 6.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"> </span></p> <p align="justify" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:21.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; line-height:97%;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;punctuation-wrap: simple;text-autospace:none" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri">Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum ekstraksi pati kulit umbi adalah 200 ml air, 250 ml NMB 20% w/w, waktu pulping 2 menit, waktu rasping 6 menit dan waktu settling 24 jam. Gugus fungsi pati hasil ekstraksi sama dengan pati komersial dan mempunyai struktur kristal tipe A. Modifikasi pati menggunakan asam sitrat (PCA) tidak mengubah kristalinitas pati dan tidak memecah granular pati. Efektivitas modifikasi ditunjukkan melalui uji termal (TG/DTA) dengan adanya puncak endotermis pada 159,42 dan 211,59ºC. Thermoplastic starch (TPS) yang dihasilkan bersifat rapuh sehingga pengujian sifat mekanik belum dapat dilakukan karena terkendala proses preparasi contoh ujinya. TPS hasil penelitian menunjukkan sifat amorf. Penambahan bentonite menaikkan sifat termal TPS ditunjukkan dengan pergeseran puncak endotermis pada daerah 250-300ºC. </span></p> |
| Kategori | Plastik |