| Judul | Pengembangan Penyamakan Kulit Ramah Lingkungan (Bebas Khrom) dengan Bahan Penyamak Nabati untuk Kulit Bagian Atas Sepatu (Shoe Upper) |
|---|---|
| Tahun | 2016 |
| Pelaksana | Ir. Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti Dr. Sc. Bidhari Pidhatika, ST, M.Sc Iwan Fajar Pahlawan, S.Pt Gresy Griyanitasari, S.Pt |
| Pembantu Pelaksana | - |
| Kata Kunci | kulit, nabati, sepatu |
| Abstrak | <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> <div align="justify">Penyamakan menggunakan chrome (III) disinyalir akan terbentuk chrome (VI) bersifat karsinogenik yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan manusia (tidak ramah lingkungan). Penyamakan nabati dianggap sebagai pilihan ramah lingkungan (bebas krom) yang cocok untuk menggantikan penyamakan krom. Namun, penyamakan nabati memiliki beberapa kekurangan karena stabilitas terhadap panas rendah disbanding samak krom. Oleh karena itu perlu kombinasi bahan penyamak nabati dengan Aluminium, yang diharapkan akan<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>menghasilkan kulit dengan stabilitas hidrotermal yang tinggi (suhu kerut meningkat).<br /> <br /> Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis dan kadar bahan penyamak nabati (Mimosa, Chesnut dan Quebracho) dan jumlah aluminium terhadap peningkatan suhu kerut<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>kulit<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>tersamak dan mengetahui kualitas kulit<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>bagian atas sepatu dari kulit sapi. Variasi dilakukan terhadap jenis bahan penyamak (Mimosa, Chesnut dan Quebracho), kadar bahan penyamak (15, 20, 25%) dan<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>kadar Alum (3, 6 dan 9%), sehingga jumlah perlakuan yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah 28 termasuk kontrol.<br /> <br /> Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi uji kimia (kadar nitrogen, kadar zat kulit mentah, kadar tanin terikat dan derajat penyamakan); uji fisis (suhu kerut, tebal, kekuatan sobek, ketahanan gosok cat, kekuatan tarik, kemuluran, ketahanan bengkuk, ketahanan letup, penyerapan air dan WVP, SEM, dan DSC.<br /> <br /> Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan Alum (tawas) setelah penyamakan baik menggunakan<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>bahan penyamak<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Mimosa, Quebracho,<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>maupun Chesnut ternyata mampu menaikkan suhu kerut, meskipun Aluminium yang digunakan bukan Aluminium Sulfat yang di ligand dengan asam tartrat dan asam sitrat. Perlakuan optimal pada penelitian ini adalah penggunaan 20% Mimosa + 3%Alum, dengan<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>hasil sebagai berikut: suhu kerut 95,67 ºC (konvensional) dan 115 ºC (menggunakan alat DSC); derajat penyamakan 55,89%; tebal 55,89 mm; kekuatan sobek 45,46kg/cm; ketahanan gosok cat 4/5 (kering,basah); penyerapan air 79,01 dan 84,51% (2 jam dan 24 jam); ketahanan letup 1708,68 Psi; kekuatan tarik<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>179,45 kg/cm2 ; kemuluran<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>50,81 %; ketahanan bengkuk : nerf dan cat tidak retak; WVP 6,18 mg/cm2.jam. Pengamatan secara mikroskopi menggunakan SEM, menunjukkan bahwa struktur jaringan yang tadinya berongga menjadi kompak, setelah penambahan Alum (tawas). </div> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning /> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents /> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps /> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math" /> <m:brkBin 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| Kategori | Kulit |