| Judul | PEMANFAATAN TANIN DARI KULIT KAYU TINGI (Ceriops tagal) SEBAGAI BAHAN PENYAMAK NABATI |
|---|---|
| Tahun | 2013 |
| Pelaksana | Ir. Titik Purwati Widowati, MP (Koordinator) Ir. Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti (Peneliti Utama) Sri Sutyasmi, B.SC, ST (Peneliti) Iwan Fajar Pahlawan, S.Pt (non aktif:study S2) |
| Pembantu Pelaksana | Mursulasno Sardjo Joko Purwani Fajar Majidi, A.Md Asri Dwi Astuti, A.Md |
| Kata Kunci | kulit kayu tingi, bahan penyamak nabati ,ekstrak larutan, puder, kulit lapis |
| Abstrak | Bahan penyamak nabati adalah suatu bahan yang berasal dari tumbuhan yang berbeda konsentrasinya dalam bagian tanaman seperti buah, akar, daun, kayu, kulit kayu yang disebut dengan tanin. Tanin dapat mengubah kulit yang tadinya bersifat labil menjadi stabil. Indonesia kaya akan sumber daya alam yang banyak sekali menyimpan sumber tanin sebagai bahan penyamak nabati, salah satunya adalah pohon tingi ( <em>Cerios Tagal</em> ). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas tenin dari ektrak kulit kayu tingi sebagai bahan penyamak nabati dan untuk mengetahui kualitas kulit lapis dari kulit kambing yang disamak menggunakan ekstrak tanin dari tingi yang dikombinasi kan dengan alum. <br /> <br /> Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan dalam 3 (tiga) tahap yaitu penyamakan kulit lapis menggunakan tingi puder (perusahaan), ekstraksi kulit kayu tingi untuk mendapatkan larutan dan proses penyamakan kulit lapis menggunakan ekstrak larutan. Untuk tingi berupa puder, variasi yang dipakai adalah konsentrasi 15, 20, 25, dan 30%, penambahan alum dibuat tetap (4%), sehingga 4 perlakuan yaitu T15A, T20A, T25A, dan T30A. Sedangkan untuk tingi berupa ekstrak larutan variasi yang dipakai adalah dengan penambahan alum 4% dan 6% yang dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah penyamakan dan juga variasi penambahan mimosa, sehingga ada 8 perlakuan yaitu TA4, TA6, TMA4, TMA6, A4T, A6T, AT4M dan A6TM. Analisa yang digunakan meliputi pengujian sifat kimiawi, fisis dan SEM. Sifat kimiawi yang dianalisis meliputi uji derajad penyamakan, kadar tanin terikat, suhu kerut, pH, kadar zat larut dalam air dan kadar abu jumlah. Sifat fisis yang dianalisis meliputi uji penyamakan, kekuatan tarik, kemuluran dan ketahana gosok cat. Analisa data menggunakan statistik <em>T-Test</em> dan <em>One Way Anova</em>. Hasil uji derajad penyamakan, suhu kerut, dan kadar tanin terikat dianalisis menggunakan T-Test. Hasil uji kadar zat larutan dalam air, kadar abu jumlah, kekuatan tarik dan kemuluran dianalisis menggunakan <em>One Way Anova</em>. <br /> <br /> Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kulit kayu tingi dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan penyamak nabati dan efektif untuk digunakan sebagai bahan penyamak nabati baik berupa puder maupun berupa ekstrak larutan dengan menambahkan alum. Perlakuan yang paling optimal untuk menggunakan puder tingi adalah T15A (penggunaan tingi puder 15% diikuti penambahan alum 4%) dengan hasil : derajat penyamakan 52,43% ; kadar tanin terikat 23,7% ; suhu kerut 68°C; pH 4,64; kadar zat larut dalam air 1,4%; kadar abu jumlah 1,36%; penyamakan masak; kekuatan tarik <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> 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penyamakan masak; kekuatan tarik 370,65 kg/cm<sup>2</sup> ; kemuluran 36,52% ; ketahanan gosok cat 5 (kering) dan 4 (basah). keduanya memenuhi persyaratan Ethiopia Standar ES 1185: 2005, <em>Leather - Lining Leather-Specification.</em> Hasil SEM (Scanning Electron Micreoscopic) menunjukan bahwa penggunaan alum pada penyamakan menggunakan tanin tingi dapat menaikan fiksasi dan dan penetrasi bahan penyamak nabati (tanin) kedalam jaringan kulit, sehingga struktur jaringan kulit nampak lebih kompak mengidentifikasikan proses penyamakan penggunakan tingi diikuti alum akan membentuk cross linking dengan kolagen.<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true" DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" 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| Kategori | Kulit |